Charging Compared

Evidence map

Charging infra: what the evidence base looks like

16 publications, 0 of them trials and 0 syntheses. This page describes the shape of that literature rather than summarising its conclusions.

Updated 3 min read 16 citations

Shopping centre multi-storey car park with cars on the open top deck
Richard Sutcliffe · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
What the evidence on charging infra is made of Of 16 publications on this topic, the breakdown by study type: 16 other. 16other (16)
16 publications, by study type. Volume is not strength — the same count can be a settled question or a pile of commentary, and which one it is depends almost entirely on this breakdown. Harvested from PubMed and Crossref; publication type as recorded by the source.

What this literature is made of

A reasonable volume of literature, but weighted towards reviews and observational work rather than trials. That is enough to describe a phenomenon and rarely enough to establish that an intervention works.

The distinction that matters most is between synthesis and primary research. A meta-analysis pools trials and is the closest thing to a settled answer a field produces. A narrative review is one group's reading of the same material and can be selective without being dishonest. Counting them together, which most citation counts do, obscures exactly the thing you want to know.

When the charging infra literature was published Publication years for the 16 papers on this topic, grouped into bands from before 2015 through to 2023 onwards. 2023 onwards7 papers2015-20195 papers2020-20224 papers
Still active. The most recent paper here is from 2026, so this is a field where an answer written today may not hold for long. Publication years as recorded by PubMed and Crossref.

How this page is built

Everything above is computed from the citations this site harvested from PubMed and Crossref, not written by hand. When the weekly harvest finds a new paper on this topic, these counts change and the characterisation changes with them. That is the point: a hand-written claim about how strong an evidence base is starts decaying the day it is written.

Publication type is taken as the source records it. That is imperfect — journals label inconsistently, and a paper indexed as a "review" may be a systematic one — so treat the bands as approximate. They are accurate enough to distinguish a trial literature from a commentary literature, which is the distinction that matters.

Rows of parked cars in a large open airport car park
Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

The strongest work on this topic

Ordered by study design first, then recency. The full set is listed in the references below.

  1. Resilience of urban public electric vehicle charging infrastructure to flooding — Raman G, Raman G, Peng J, 2022, journal article
  2. Innovative Application of the Public–Private Partnership Model to the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China — Yang T, Long R, Li W et al., 2016, journal article
  3. User Experience of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in Shanghai: A Quantitative Analysis — Xie X, Raval S, Deb S, 2026, journal article
  4. City-Scale Optimization of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: Spatio-Temporal Demand Forecasting, Graph Learning and Multi-Objective Siting — Thango B, Ayetor G, 2026, journal article
  5. Interpretable Station-Level Charging Congestion Pressure Assessment and Multi-Horizon Early Warning for Electric-Vehicle Charging Infrastructure — Shi K, 2026, journal article
  6. New Tool to Screen Financial Viability of Alternative Public–Private Partnership Structures for Delivery of Electric Vehicle-Charging Infrastructure — DeCorla-Souza P, Hossain M, 2025, journal article
  7. Cost and Availability Optimization for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure via Redundancy‐Spares‐Repair Integration — Najdawi F, Fainman E, Jin T, 2025, journal article
  8. Optimal Planning for Public Charging Infrastructure by Behaviour‐Based Electric Vehicle Charging Demand Simulations and Geographic Information System — Sirisumrannukul S, Prakobkaew P, Piamvilai N, 2025, journal article
  9. Advancements in Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: Fast Charging, Wireless Charging, and Smart Grid Integration — Jordan Y. Arpilleda, 2023, journal article
  10. Electric Vehicle Public Charging Infrastructure Planning Using Real-World Charging Data — Mortimer B, Hecht C, Goldbeck R et al., 2022, journal article
How much research is there on charging infra?
16 publications are indexed here, of which 0 are trials and 0 are syntheses.
Does more research mean a stronger conclusion?
No. Composition matters more than volume — five randomised trials support a claim far better than fifty commentaries, and citation counts do not distinguish between them.
How current is this?
The most recent paper indexed here is from 2026. The set is refreshed weekly from PubMed and Crossref.
Why does this page not tell me the answer?
Because summarising a literature into a conclusion requires reading it, and doing that automatically is how confident nonsense gets published. This page tells you how much weight a conclusion could bear; the articles on this site do the interpreting.

References

Every citation below links to the original peer-reviewed record on PubMed or via DOI. Nothing here is a substitute for medical advice.

  1. Resilience of urban public electric vehicle charging infrastructure to flooding Raman G, Raman G, Peng J · Nature Communications · 2022 · Journal article DOI
  2. Innovative Application of the Public–Private Partnership Model to the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China Yang T, Long R, Li W, et al. · Sustainability · 2016 · Journal article DOI
  3. User Experience of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in Shanghai: A Quantitative Analysis Xie X, Raval S, Deb S · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2026 · Journal article DOI
  4. Interpretable Station-Level Charging Congestion Pressure Assessment and Multi-Horizon Early Warning for Electric-Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Shi K · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2026 · Journal article DOI
  5. City-Scale Optimization of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: Spatio-Temporal Demand Forecasting, Graph Learning and Multi-Objective Siting Thango B, Ayetor G · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2026 · Journal article DOI
  6. Cost and Availability Optimization for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure via Redundancy‐Spares‐Repair Integration Najdawi F, Fainman E, Jin T · Quality and Reliability Engineering International · 2025 · Journal article DOI
  7. Optimal Planning for Public Charging Infrastructure by Behaviour‐Based Electric Vehicle Charging Demand Simulations and Geographic Information System Sirisumrannukul S, Prakobkaew P, Piamvilai N · IET Smart Grid · 2025 · Journal article DOI
  8. New Tool to Screen Financial Viability of Alternative Public–Private Partnership Structures for Delivery of Electric Vehicle-Charging Infrastructure DeCorla-Souza P, Hossain M · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2025 · Journal article DOI
  9. Advancements in Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: Fast Charging, Wireless Charging, and Smart Grid Integration Jordan Y. Arpilleda · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology · 2023 · Journal article DOI
  10. Electric Vehicle Public Charging Infrastructure Planning Using Real-World Charging Data Mortimer B, Hecht C, Goldbeck R, et al. · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2022 · Journal article DOI
  11. Optimal planning and utilisation of existing infrastructure with electric vehicle charging stations Moupuri S, K S · IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution · 2020 · Journal article DOI
  12. A Framework for Analysis and Expansion of Public Charging Infrastructure under Fast Penetration of Electric Vehicles Pallonetto F, Galvani M, Torti A, et al. · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2020 · Journal article DOI
  13. A Corridor-Based Approach to Estimating the Costs of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure on Highways Suomalainen E, Colet F · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2019 · Journal article DOI
  14. Advancing E-Roaming in Europe: Towards a Single “Language” for the European Charging Infrastructure Ferwerda R, Bayings M, Van der Kam M, et al. · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2018 · Journal article DOI
  15. A Model for Public Fast Charging Infrastructure Needs Gnann T, Goldbach D, Jakobsson N, et al. · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2016 · Journal article DOI
  16. Lightweight infrastructure for electric vehicle charging Pettersson S · World Electric Vehicle Journal · 2015 · Journal article DOI